In a large bowl, whisk together the dry ingredients: flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until combined.
In a separate bowl, whisk the wet ingredients: buttermilk, egg, melted butter, and vanilla extract until well combined.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir gently until just combined. Avoid overmixing.
If using frozen blueberries, toss them in a little flour to prevent them from sinking.
Heat a nonstick skillet or griddle over medium-low heat and lightly grease with butter or cooking spray.
Pour ¼ cup of batter onto the skillet for each pancake and sprinkle a few blueberries on top.
Cook for 2-3 minutes until bubbles form and edges look set.
Flip the pancakes and cook for another 1-2 minutes until golden brown.
Transfer pancakes to a plate and repeat with the remaining batter. Keep warm in a low oven if desired.
Serve warm with butter, maple syrup, or extra blueberries.